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Problem

  • More than 75% of crops worldwide are dependent on pollinators like honey bees

  • Honey bees are responsible for over $20 billion in crop production annually in the US

  • However, honey bees are in decline due to a variety of factors, with neonicotinoid pesticides being a prominent cause

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Neonicotinoids account for more than 25% of
pesticide use worldwide

They act by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors which causes over-stimulation of the
nervous system leading to paralysis and death

Cannot distinguish between beneficial 
insects vs pests which leads to honey bee decline

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(Chang, B.H., Daugherty, L., & Mitchell, A. (2013). Bee afraid , bee very afraid-

neonicotinoids and the nAChRs family.)

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